The Breaking Barriers: Understanding Educational Exclusion in Crises report by Education Cannot Wait (ECW), the UN global fund for education in crises, paints one of the clearest pictures yet of the growing education emergency unfolding across some of the world’s most vulnerable communities.
Among the children affected, 93 million are entirely out of school. Millions more remain enrolled but are unable to learn under conditions that undermine progress and increase the likelihood they will eventually drop out.
For many children, being in a classroom no longer guarantees an education.
Concentrated educational need
The report found that educational need is becoming increasingly concentrated in the world’s most severe emergencies.
Of the 182 million crisis-affected children living across the 20 highest-severity crisis contexts, 74 million are out of school, or nearly 80 per cent of all out-of-school crisis-affected children identified in the study.
Researchers warn that exclusion extends beyond access alone.
Across many crisis settings, children are falling behind in foundational skills early and never recovering.
Less than one in 10 children demonstrate basic reading proficiency in the early grades in some contexts, with learning gaps widening over time and eventually becoming barriers to staying in school.
Unequal burden
Children forced from their homes face some of the steepest challenges.
Analysis from Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali and Somalia found displaced children experience lower promotion rates, slower educational progression and are significantly more likely to be over-age for their grade compared with non-displaced peers.
In addition, girls, refugees and children living with disabilities face disproportionately high barriers to continuing their education, while conflict appears to deepen and prolong learning losses.
By Grade 6, reading proficiency reaches only 30 per cent in conflict-affected countries, compared with 47 per cent in countries affected primarily by socioeconomic crises and 63 per cent in those affected mainly by natural disasters.
Prioritising education
Yet the report also points to resilience. Despite insecurity and financial hardship, families continue to prioritise education.
Financial barriers and conflict-related school closures account for nearly 80 per cent of school withdrawal cases, suggesting that children are leaving school not because families no longer value education, but because circumstances leave them with few alternatives.
“Support for education in crises is the insurance policy families, governments and donors need to protect their long-term investments in education and economic opportunity,” said ECW Director Maysa Jalbout.
She warned that conflict and climate change are reversing years of progress and called for urgent investment to prevent educational losses from becoming permanent.
Education Cannot Wait says it has reached more than 14 million crisis-affected children since its creation and aims to reach another 10 million by 2030.
